December 2024 Tax News
The announcement in the Autumn Budget about restrictions to inheritance tax (IHT) agricultural and business property relief from April 2026 has upset farming businesses in particular, resulting in a demonstration in London on 19th November.
From 6 April 2026, it is proposed that 100% relief will only apply to the first £1 million of combined agricultural and business property, with the relief reducing to 50% on the value that exceeds £1 million. This means the relief will be focused on small family farms and businesses. Prime agricultural land prices currently exceed £10,000 an acre and with the cost of a new combine harvester approaching £1 million, many farming businesses will significantly exceed the proposed £1 million threshold. At £10,000 an acre, that means the £1 million threshold would be exceeded by a 100 acre farm so paying the IHT may mean selling off some of that land and threatening the viability of the business.
It should be noted that the IHT in respect of agricultural property and business assets can be paid to HMRC by 10 interest-free installments but those may be difficult to pay without selling off assets.
The current tax rules encourage farmers and other business owners to hold on to their business until death, when the assets then pass to the next generation at market (probate) value for capital gains tax (CGT). This is effectively a tax-free uplift of the value of the business, and combined with 100% APR and BPR, is currently the optimum tax strategy. However, with people living longer, the next generation are likely to be in their late 50s or early 60s when they inherit the business and looking forward to retiring themselves! There is a strong argument that this inhibits growth within the family business economy and if the next generation were to take over the business in their 30s and 40s they would be more motivated to grow the business.
The proposed IHT charges can potentially be avoided by transferring the business during the owners’ lifetime and surviving 7 years (the potential exemption period) so that no IHT is payable. This would however result in a capital gain which potentially results in CGT becoming payable. This gain can be “held over” by joint election between donor and recipient so that no CGT is payable; in other words no IHT or CGT would be payable provided the donor survives for 7 years following the date of transfer. The downside is that the recipient’s base cost would be reduced by the gain held over which will normally mean that they take over the donor’s CGT base cost, leaving them in the same tax position as their parents. Please contact us if you would like to consider this strategy.
HMRC have developed an app that can help people prepare for their retirement. Individuals can use the app to check their State Pension Forecast, allowing them to:
- see their State Pension age;
- view their forecast State Pension amounts based on potential contributions; and
- view how much their State Pension would currently be worth, based on National Insurance contributions to date.
The app can also be used to check National Insurance contribution (NIC) years, and view any gaps in your record, including how many weeks you have paid and how much you need to pay for it to become a full qualifying year. If you have any NIC ‘gap years’, you may be able to make voluntary payments online or through the HMRC app. Note that you have until 5 April 2025 to make up any gap years since 2006/07. Contributions made prior to 5 April 2025 will be at the Class 3 voluntary NI rate of £15.85 per week (£824.20 p.a.) which will provide an additional £342.86 a year State pension – a pretty good return! From 6 April 2025 it will only be possible to go back 6 years.